Our
multi-stage grate is ideally suited for use in installations for thermal
treatment of various kinds of municipal and industrial waste or biomass. Our
multi-stage grate is the only grate combustion system which incorporates
separate and independently controlled actuators for waste or biomass
transport and waste or biomass mixing.
We
offer a suite of technologies that maximize the value of waste streams and
minimize the environmental impact, preserving the land and the air we
breathe. Whether it involves mechanical waste pre-treatment or valorization
of waste in a energy-from-Waste plant.
waste-to-energy plant
is a waste management
facility which combusts wastes to produce electricity. This type of power
plant is sometimes called a trash-to-energy, energy recovery or resource
recovery plant. Most waste-to-energy plants burn municipal solid waste, but
some burn industrial waste. Landfill gas and digester gas power plants are
sometimes included in this category, but are usually considered separately.
Modern waste-to-energy plants should not be confused with the trash
incinerators that were commonly used until a few decades ago. Those plants
usually did not remove hazardous or recyclable materials before burning. In
fact, the process used was not that much different from burning trash in a
pit or barrel. The old incinerators endangered the health of the plant
workers and the nearby residents. Also, most of these incinerators did not
generate electricity.
Waste-to-energy plants share much of their design and equipment with other
steam-electric power plants, particularly biomass plants. First, waste is
brought to the facility. Then, the waste is sorted to remove recyclable and
hazardous materials. The waste is then stored until it is time for burning.
The waste can be added to the boiler continuously or in batches, depending
on the design of the plant. Modern waste-to-energy plants are designed to
reduce the formation of new pollutants in the furnace, such as NOx, SOx and
particulates, and to destroy pollutants already present in the trash.
Pollution control measures, such as bag houses, scrubbers and electrostatic
precipitators capture most of the pollution not destroyed by combustion.
Odor pollution can be a problem when the plant location is not isolated.
Some plants store the waste in an enclosed area with a negative pressure,
which prevents unpleasant odors from escaping, and the air drawn from the
storage area is sent through the boiler or a filter. Unfortunately, not all
plants are operated in the best possible manner and the concerns and
complaints of nearby residents are often legitimate.
A
modern, properly run waste-to-energy plant sorts material before burning it
and can co-exist with recycling. In fact, recycling rates are typically
higher in areas that have waste-to-energy plants. Items that are not
recyclable, by design or economically, and are not hazardous can be sent to
the plant for burning. In addition, the plants allow the previously
un-recyclable metals integrated into products to be captured. The metals are
collected from the bottom of the furnace and sold to foundries.
There is always some level of pollution generated at power plants.
Waste-to-energy plants emit more pollution than natural gas plants, but less
than coal plants, which produce half of the electricity in the United
States. A few plants use gasification, which is thought to be less
polluting, perhaps incorrectly, but most combust the waste directly because
it is a mature, efficient technology. Waste-to-energy plants also reduce the
volume of waste by 80 to 90%. Sometimes the ash is clean enough to be used
for some purposes, but otherwise it is land filled. However, depending on
the design of the plant, how it is operated and the type of waste being
burned, the plant may produce significantly more pollution and the ash and
other wastes may be highly toxic.
Burning waste does produce dioxin, as do coal and natural gas plants. How
much dioxin is greatly debated. Advances in design and new regulations have
caused large reductions in the amount of pollution produced by
waste-to-energy plants, particularly dioxin. However, it produces more
dioxin than other fuels, such as natural gas. Also, solar, wind and
hydroelectric power do not produce dioxin at all. Others believe that the
amount of pollution produced is offset by the landfill space saved, metal
captured, pollutants destroyed in the furnace and the electricity produced,
which might have otherwise been produced at a coal plant, which generally
produces much more pollution than a waste-to-energy plant. Waste-to-energy
plants also replace the burning of landfill gas. Landfill gas contains about
50% methane, 50% carbon dioxide, is contaminated with a small amount of
pollutants. Unlike at waste-to-energy plants, there are little or no
pollution controls on the burning of landfill gas, which is usually flared
or used to run a reciprocating engine or micro turbine. Cleaning up the
landfill gas is usually not cost effective because natural gas, which it
substitutes for, is relatively cheap. However, it might be a better solution
to regulate the burning of landfill gas than to use waste-to-energy plants.